New research has revealed that people who drink alcohol in a group assess risk better and are less likely to make mistakes than those who drink alone. Researchers from the departments of psychology at London South Bank University and the University of Kent discovered that although a moderate intake of alcohol causes individuals to make
Full Post: Drinking in a group reduces risks
Young and healthy African-American men have higher central blood pressure and their blood vessels are stiffer compared to their white counterparts, signs that the African American men are developing hypertension early and with little outward sign, according to a new study.
While the study found that central blood pressure — the pressure in the aorta, near the heart — was higher in the African-American men, the study found no difference in brachial blood pressure — measured on the arm — between the two groups.
Taken together, the findings suggest that hypertension (high blood pressure) may be developing undetected in young African-American men and that measuring central blood pressure may be a better means of detecting the problem as it develops.
“Central blood pressure holds greater prognostic value than conventional brachial blood pressure as central pressure more aptly reflects the load encountered by the heart,” the authors explained. “Thus, brachial blood pressure may neglect important information on cardiovascular burden and response to therapy in African-American men.”
The study, “Racial differences in central blood pressure and vascular function in young men” was carried out by Kevin S. Heffernan, Sae Young Jae, Kenneth R. Wilund, Jeffrey A. Woods and Bo Fernhall, at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. The study appears online in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology , published by The American Physiological Society. Dr. Heffernan has since moved to Tufts Medical Center in Boston. Dr. Jae is also affiliated with the University of Seoul.
‘Silent killer’
African-American men have higher levels of hypertension than white men. Hypertension is known as the silent killer because it can develop without the individual knowing it. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and kidney disease. In 2002, hypertension was listed as a primary or contributing cause of death for 277,000 Americans.
The University of Illinois researchers hypothesized that the blood vessels of the black men would show greater dysfunction than the white men, even though both groups were young and equally healthy and fit. The vascular damage they looked for included stiffening and thickening of the blood vessels. These conditions result in pulsatile (not smooth) blood flow (and at higher pressure) to organs. The pressure can damage the organs over time.
Both groups healthy
The study included 55 young men, 30 white and 25 African-American. Most were university seniors. The average age was 23. There were no differences between the groups on a variety of measures, including heart rate, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, body fat, blood lipids and glucose levels.
The researchers measured vascular function in a variety of ways, including:
- aortic blood pressure and stiffness
- brachial blood pressure
- carotid artery blood pressure
- carotid artery thickness and stiffness
They found the African-American men had similar brachial blood pressure, compared to the white men, but they had significantly higher:
- Central blood pressure, a measure of the pressure found in the artery, near the heart. The researchers used an instrument that takes blood pressure at the wrist and then calculates the central blood pressure.
- Carotid artery pressure. The carotid artery runs through the neck.
The African-American men, unlike the white men, also showed signs of early vascular damage that could lead to hypertension. For example, they had:
- Thicker carotid arteries, a sign of vascular damage that is usually found in older individuals and associated with atherosclerosis.
- Stiffer arteries, which are associated with high blood pressure. When the heart beats, blood flows through stiff arteries at greater speed and pressure. Elastic arteries provide a smoother blood flow and help prevent damage to organs receiving the blood and place less stress on the heart.
- Less change in diameter of the arteries when the heart beats, another measure of vascular stiffness. A healthy artery is more elastic will change in size as the blood flows through with each beat of the heart.
“Although having a similar cardiovascular risk factor profile as young white men, diffuse macrovascular and microvascular dysfunction is present at a young age in apparently healthy African American men,” the authors wrote. “Values seen are comparable to values often reported in older individuals or individuals with more advanced hypertensive disease,” they said.
These results do not shed light on why this happens to young and fit African-American men, Heffernan said. There may be environmental differences, such as differences in diet, which were not examined as part of this study, he said.
http://www.the-aps.org/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Related Posts:
The neck arteries of obese children and teens look more like those of 45-year-olds, according to research presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2008. “There’s a saying that ‘you’re as old as your arteries,’ meaning that the state of your arteries is more important than your actual age in the evolution of heart
Full Post: Neck arteries of obese children and teens look more like those of 45-year-olds
Healthy adults with higher levels of phosphate in the blood are more likely to have increased levels of calcium in the coronary arteries-a key indicator of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular disease risk, reports a study in the February 2009 issue of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN). “Phosphate level may represent a
Full Post: Higher levels of blood phosphate may be a previously unidentified and modifiable cardiovascular risk factor
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) yields better short-term results than carotid artery stenting (CAS) in patients with carotid artery disease, according to a 30-day outcomes report from the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) Vascular Registry for Carotid Procedures, published in the January 2009 issue of the Journal of Vascular Surgery, by the Society for Vascular Surgery. Carotid
Full Post: Carotid endarterectomy provides better short-term results than carotid artery stenting in patients with carotid artery disease
As a risk factor for high blood pressure, low levels of potassium in the diet may be as important as high levels of sodium - especially among African Americans, according to research being presented at the American Society of Nephrology’s 41st Annual Meeting and Scientific Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. “There has been a lot of
Full Post: Low levels of potassium in diet linked to high blood pressure
Hispanic patients were 57 percent less likely than Caucasian patients to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) one year after successful angioplasty, a type of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to open blockages in the coronary arteries. Hispanics also had a trend toward lower rates of overall repeat revascularization procedures including stenting and bypass surgery, according
Full Post: Hispanics less likely to have repeat revascularizations 1 year after angioplasty --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
