“Reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior after an extended period of abstinence is the number-one cause of drug-addiction relapse,” said Brookhaven neuroanatomist Stephen Dewey, who led the research team. “This animal study suggests that vigabatrin could potentially prevent human methamphetamine addicts from relapsing.” According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, methamphetamine is a very addictive stimulant
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Researchers in New Zealand have found that the key to maintaining a weight loss might be relaxation.
The team from the University of Otago say women are more likely to keep weight off if they practice relaxation techniques and they suggest that non-dieting interventions to improve overweight and obese women’s health and well-being have a longer-lasting effect if they include relaxation training.
This conclusion comes from a two-year follow-up of a ground-breaking Otago research project into the effectiveness of non-dieting intervention programmes in improving lifestyle behaviours and reducing psychological distress and medical symptoms.
The researchers conducted a study involving 225 Dunedin women with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 28 - the women were placed on one of three 10 week intervention programmes which all aimed to help women shift their focus away from calorie counting and body weight, towards sustainable lifestyle changes that enhanced their well-being, regardless of weight loss.
Dr. Caroline Horwath of the Department of Human Nutrition says that, despite giving up dieting, women in all three interventions had successfully prevented any weight gain over the two-year period, which is a promising outcome for a group at high risk of weight gain over time.
Dr. Horwath says however that the most striking result was in the non-dieting intervention that also included intensive training in relaxation techniques and at the two-year follow up, these women were the only ones to maintain the psychological and medical symptom improvements they showed at the end of the first year.
Dr. Horwath says stress and negative emotions can trigger women to overeat and consume high-fat and high-sugar foods, and by learning and practicing relaxation techniques, women gain effective tools to manage stress and emotions without resorting to unhealthy eating.
The relaxation techniques, adapted from a Harvard Mind-Body Medical Institute programme, included progressive muscle relaxation, abdominal breathing and visualisation, which were used as part of a wider lifestyle change programme.
The researchers say although weight loss was not a prime goal of the study, women who were still regularly practicing these techniques at the two-year mark also had an average weight reduction of 2.5kg at the end of this period.
Dr. Horwath says while this is not enough to be statistically significant, it was a very pleasing result for the women involved and the positive results are exciting, given the limited long-term success of traditional dieting approaches.
The researchers say including relaxation training in a healthy lifestyle program helps maintain the long-term psychological and medical symptom improvements even in the absence of weight loss.
The research is published in the American journal Preventive Medicine.
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